Peanut Grower Magazine Jordan Column Peanut Notes No. 104 2022

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As we move into this point in the season, we need to address issues associated with weeds, insects and disease. In many instances, timing of control for multiple pests coincides well enough that tank mixtures of pesticides can be effective. When we consider pesticide compatibility, three possible issues come to mind. First, does the mixture settle in the tank? This can be a major issue that takes time to resolve and in some cases, nozzles and other parts of the sprayer have to be replaced. The pesticides in question (and agrochemicals other than pesticides), the formulation, order of mixing, agitation and water quality can affect how well products go into solution and stay in solution. Secondly, does the mixture cause greater peanut injury? In some cases, this does occur but the magnitude of increase is relatively minor and not yield limiting. In other cases, a tank-mix partner can reduce injury (Basagran and Storm applied with Gramoxone is a good example.) The third issue we might face with tank mixtures is the impact on control of pests. Applying multiple contact herbicides together generally does not affect weed control in a negative manner, and in fact these mixtures often increases the spectrum of control and can help control larger weeds. In contrast, applying contact herbicides with systemic herbicides that control grasses (clethodim-containing products, for example,) can result in less grass control but no reduction in broadleaf or sedge control. Sequential applications can get around this negative interaction but no one wants to make applications three or four days apart. Increasing the grass herbicide rate can often get us where we need to be for grass control by these mixtures. As we broaden out to mixes of herbicides, insecticides and fungicides, we can see some cases where a fungicide like chlorothalonil can reduce grass control with clethodim products. In the vast majority of cases, insecticides and herbicides as well as fungicides and insecticides are compatible when it comes to pest control. However, the adjuvant used can make a difference. For example, if you are trying to control leaf spot and stem rot it is important to get some of the fungicide down to the base of the plant. Does an adjuvant used for an herbicide keep the fungicide from reaching the area where soil-borne pathogens are active?

When it comes to agrochemical compatibility, there are many possible combinations and it is difficult to research all of them. It is also seldom that the question is about two products in the tank. Three, four and five-way mixtures seem are the norm now. Before you put a lot in the tank, make sure you have an idea about how the products will behave in the tank. Try to get a feel for the potential impact on peanuts and finally the impact on the pests in question. We include a chapter in our peanut production guide in North Carolina to help people make a decision on co-applying pesticides. Given all of the products on the market these days, this chapter seems very general, but it is the start to coming up with a reasonable answer to what can be a complicated question – what will happen if a mix these products?